Operating principle of the water absorption chiller
CES supplies water chillers. In this type of chiller, the source of heat energy is hot water, which is generated during the technological process or is a by-product of the production process.
The diluted solution from the absorber is delivered by a solution pump through a heat exchanger (recuperator/economiser), where it is preheated, to the generator. In the generator, the diluted solution is heated by hot water as a heat source (which flows inside the tube) to boiling point (water at very low pressure) and produces refrigerant vapour (steam) . As a result of the evaporation of the water, the diluted solution is concentrated to a concentrated solution.
The refrigerant vapour (steam) produced in the generator is then cooled (condensed) in a condenser to the liquid phase of water, which is the refrigerant in this type of chiller. The water then passes through a U-shaped pipe into the evaporator drip tray. As the evaporator has a very low internal pressure, some of the water constituting the refrigerant will evaporate impulsively. Most of this water is supplied by the refrigerant pump and sprayed onto the evaporator tube bundle.
As the refrigerant water absorbs heat from the chilled water flowing in the pipe, it will evaporate and reduce the temperature of the chilled water inside the pipe bundle. In this way, the cooling objective is achieved. The concentrated solution from the generator is delivered through a heat exchanger to the absorber. The solution is then cooled by the cooling water flowing in the pipe. As it cools, the solution absorbs refrigerant vapour (steam) from the evaporator and becomes a dilute solution.
The principle of operation of the water absorption chiller
The LiBr solution, which becomes diluted after absorbing the refrigerant vapours in the absorber, is then delivered by the solution pump to the generator, where it is heated to the boiling point of water and becomes a concentrated solution. This marks the end of the cooling cycle. If this ongoing process is maintained, the evaporator can provide a continuous flow of chilled water for air conditioning and process cooling.
How the cold generated in the absorption unit can be used
The coolness produced from the heat in the absorption unit can be used according to current needs, e.g. in technological processes, air conditioning, etc. Absorption units can be installed on their own, as an alternative to compressor solutions, or as part of trigeneration or polygeneration systems producing electricity, heat, cold and/or process steam.
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